The 18th Amendment abolished the Concurrent Legislative List, devolving the subjects contained therein to the provinces.

The NFC, responsible for the distribution of financial resources between the federation and the provinces, is chaired by the Federal Minister for Finance.

Article 156 establishes the National Economic Council to review the overall economic condition of the country and advise the Federal and Provincial Governments.

Article 143 clarifies that if any provision of an Act of a Provincial Assembly is repugnant to any provision of an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), the Federal law shall prevail.

The 18th Amendment is widely recognized for significantly enhancing provincial autonomy by abolishing the Concurrent List and providing more legislative and fiscal powers to the provinces.

Under the current constitutional framework, residual powers rest with the provinces, meaning they can legislate on any matter not listed in the Federal Legislative List.

The CCI consists of the Prime Minister, the Chief Ministers of the provinces, and three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister.

Article 161 ensures that the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on natural gas and royalty on electricity are paid to the province in which the well-head or power station is situated.

Article 153 provides for the formation of the Council of Common Interests to address matters related to the Federal Legislative List Part II.

Article 149 empowers the Federal Government to issue directions to provinces in matters of peace, tranquility, or economic life.

The National Finance Commission (NFC) is mandated under Article 160 to formulate the resource distribution formula.

Article 161 specifically deals with the distribution of revenues from net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on natural gas and hydroelectric power.

Under Article 142(a), the Parliament has the exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List.

Article 151 guarantees inter-provincial trade and prohibits the Federal or Provincial governments from imposing taxes that discriminate between provinces.

Article 156(3) stipulates that the National Economic Council shall meet at least twice in each year.

Article 154(4) states that the Council of Common Interests shall be responsible to Parliament.

Article 160(1) states that the President shall constitute the National Finance Commission.

Article 167 regulates the borrowing power of the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments.

The Judicial Commission of Pakistan, established under the 18th Constitutional Amendment, is responsible for the appointment of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.