William Harvey was the first to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation of blood.

Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie discovered Radium and Polonium in 1898.

Edward Jenner is considered the father of immunology for his development of the smallpox vaccine.

Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles.

Zacharias Janssen is widely credited with inventing the first compound microscope in the late 16th century.

Pasteurization is named after Louis Pasteur, who demonstrated that heat could destroy spoilage-causing bacteria.

Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859, proposing natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.

Johannes Kepler published his three laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century, describing how planets orbit the sun.

Louis Pasteur proved that microbes cause disease and fermentation, establishing the foundation for modern germ theory.

Marie Curie discovered Polonium and Radium, and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry).

Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with vacuum tubes and cathode rays.

Werner Heisenberg proposed the Uncertainty Principle, stating that one cannot simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle.

James Chadwick identified the neutron, which completed the basic understanding of the atomic nucleus.

Joseph Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic to clean wounds and surgical instruments, drastically reducing infection rates.

Georges Lemaître, a Belgian priest and physicist, first proposed the hypothesis that the universe began as a single 'primeval atom'.

Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen by heating red mercuric oxide, calling it 'dephlogisticated air'.

Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, which is the principle behind the operation of transformers and electric motors.

Leo Tolstoy published War and Peace in 1869, which is widely considered one of the greatest works of literature.

Harper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960, earning the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.