Photovoltaic cells directly convert light (solar energy) into electricity.

The United States currently has the largest installed capacity of geothermal power in the world.

Biomass energy is generated from organic material that contains stored chemical energy from the sun.

Natural gas burns cleaner than coal and petroleum, producing fewer emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants.

Nuclear power plants produce electricity by splitting uranium atoms in a process called nuclear fission.

Wind energy is intermittent because it relies on weather conditions and is only viable in locations with consistent wind.

The Mangla Dam is one of the largest multipurpose dams in Pakistan, designed primarily for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.

Uranium-235 is the most common fuel used in nuclear reactors to initiate fission.

Renewable energy sources produce little to no greenhouse gases, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Geothermal energy utilizes heat from within the Earth, typically extracted from reservoirs of hot water or steam.

Coalbed methane is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds, considered a non-renewable fossil fuel.

OPEC stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which deals with non-renewable petroleum resources.

Solar radiation is considered inexhaustible because it does not deplete regardless of the amount consumed by humans.

Hydroelectric power plants convert the gravitational energy of water falling from a height into electricity using turbines.

Ethanol, derived from crops like corn or sugarcane, is a renewable biofuel widely used as a fuel additive or substitute.

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a technique used to extract natural gas trapped in shale rock formations.

Because wind and solar are not constant, energy storage and grid balancing are significant challenges for their widespread adoption.

Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the compressed remains of ancient plants over millions of years.

Tides are created by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth's oceans.