Scurvy is caused by a severe deficiency of Vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis.

Iron is a core component of the hemoglobin molecule, which transports oxygen in the blood.

Vitamin A is necessary for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that allows vision in low-light conditions.

Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones; deficiency leads to an enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter.

Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin acting as an antioxidant.

Vitamin K plays a critical role in synthesizing proteins required for the blood coagulation process.

Beriberi is a neurological and cardiovascular condition resulting from a lack of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).

Phosphorus, along with calcium, is a key component of hydroxyapatite, the mineral structure of bones and teeth.

Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by a lack of Vitamin B12, which is necessary for red blood cell production.

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.

Potassium is an essential electrolyte required for nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction; its deficiency is known as hypokalemia.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is unique as it is mainly found in animal-derived foods and is vital for neurological function and RBC synthesis.

Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and growth.

Pellagra is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of Niacin (Vitamin B3).

Phosphorus works with calcium to build strong bones and is central to the energy transfer molecule ATP.

Ariboflavinosis (Vitamin B2 deficiency) often manifests as cheilosis and inflammation of the tongue (glossitis).

Zinc acts as a vital cofactor for many enzymes involved in metabolism, immune response, and protein synthesis.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is essential during early pregnancy for the proper formation of the neural tube.

Fluoride is well-known for its role in preventing tooth decay by strengthening the enamel layer of the teeth.