The left ventricle is the thickest chamber of the heart and is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are specialized cell fragments that aggregate to initiate blood clotting at the site of a vascular injury.
Capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelial cells, making their walls thin enough to allow diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.
The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle, preventing backflow.
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen molecules to transport them from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Individuals with O- blood lack A, B, and Rh antigens, meaning their blood can be transfused into patients of any blood type without triggering an immune reaction.
The pulmonary artery is unique because it is the only artery in the systemic circulation that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the right atrium and initiates the electrical impulses that control the heart rate.
Plasma, the liquid matrix of blood, makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume.
Veins contain one-way valves that ensure blood continues to flow toward the heart, especially when moving against gravity.
The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contracts to pump blood.
Arteries are located closest to the heart and must withstand the high pressure generated by ventricular systole.
Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell and are primary phagocytes against bacteria.
The coronary arteries branch off the aorta to supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients.
The sequence of events from one heartbeat to the next is known as the cardiac cycle.
Plasma contains various proteins, including globulins (antibodies) and clotting factors, along with water and nutrients.
The hepatic portal vein collects nutrient-rich blood from the gut and delivers it to the liver before it enters general circulation.
Diastole is the period of relaxation when the heart chambers fill with blood.
The vena cavae are the largest veins in the body and have the lowest blood pressure as they return blood to the heart.
Hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein in RBCs that facilitates oxygen transport from the lungs to tissues.
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