Phishing involves deceptive communications to trick individuals into disclosing sensitive information.

DDoS attacks aim to make online services unavailable by flooding them with traffic from multiple sources.

A Trojan Horse is malicious software that appears to be useful or harmless but performs malicious tasks.

Spear phishing is a personalized phishing attack directed at specific, pre-researched targets.

A botnet is a network of infected 'zombie' computers controlled by a central attacker to perform coordinated tasks like DDoS or spam.

Rootkits are designed to hide their presence and the presence of other malware to maintain privileged access to a system.

Vishing (Voice Phishing) is the act of using telephone calls to deceive victims into revealing sensitive information.

Unlike viruses that require a host program, worms are standalone software that can self-replicate and spread through network vulnerabilities.

MitM attacks involve an attacker secretly relaying and possibly altering the communications between two parties who believe they are directly connected.

A Man-in-the-Middle attack occurs when a perpetrator secretly intercepts and potentially alters the communication between two parties who believe they are communicating directly with each other.

Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or files, typically by encrypting them, until a sum of money is paid.

Pharming is a cyberattack intended to redirect a website's traffic to another, fake site, often to steal personal or financial information.

A logic bomb is a piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met, such as a specific date or action.

A rootkit is a collection of computer software designed to enable access to a computer or an area of its software that is not otherwise allowed and often masks its existence.

In a reflected DDoS attack, the attacker sends requests to legitimate servers with a spoofed source IP, causing those servers to send large responses to the victim, thereby overwhelming them.

Spyware is software that enables a user to obtain covert information about another's computer activities by transmitting data covertly from their hard drive.

Whaling is a specific type of spear phishing attack that targets high-profile employees, such as C-suite executives, to steal sensitive corporate information or funds.

Unlike viruses, worms are standalone malware that do not require a host program or human action to spread; they actively scan for and exploit network vulnerabilities.

Adware is software that automatically renders advertisements in order to generate revenue for its author.