An A record maps a hostname to an IPv4 address, while an AAAA record is used to map a hostname to an IPv6 address.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is designed for the transmission of outgoing mail (pushing) from client to server or between servers.

DORA stands for Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledgment, which are the four steps used by DHCP to lease an IP address to a client.

POST is used to send data to the server to create or update a resource, unlike GET which retrieves data or PUT which replaces a specific resource.

Port 587 is the standard submission port used for SMTP when STARTTLS is employed to upgrade the connection to an encrypted one.

DNS queries and responses are typically small and rely on UDP port 53 for speed, only switching to TCP if the response exceeds 512 bytes.

After receiving an offer (DHCPOFFER), the client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST message to indicate its acceptance of the offered address.

HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning each request-response pair is independent and the server does not retain information about previous requests.

Active mode FTP uses port 21 for control commands and port 20 for the actual transfer of data files.

DHCPDISCOVER is the first step in the DORA process where a client broadcasts a request to locate available DHCP servers.

A CNAME (Canonical Name) record is used to map an alias name to the true or canonical domain name.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an application-layer protocol used to send or push email messages across IP networks.

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) provides secure file transfer by running over a secure channel like SSH, unlike standard FTP which is unencrypted.

An NS (Name Server) record indicates which DNS servers are authoritative for a given domain.

After receiving an offer (DHCPOFFER), the client sends a DHCPREQUEST to accept the offered configuration parameters from the specific server.

DNS uses port 53 for both standard queries (over UDP) and zone transfers (over TCP).

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS to provide authentication and encryption.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automates the process of configuring devices on IP networks.

The HTTP status code 201 Created indicates that the request has been fulfilled and resulted in the creation of a new resource.